Water Security & the Four National Taps

Singapore's water story, from existential dependence on Malaysian water imports to a nation that exports water technology to the world, is one of urban governance's most instructive cases of long-horizon planning under scarcity. This session examines Singapore's Four National Taps strategy (imported water, local catchment, NEWater recycled water, desalination) as a system, not a set of independent projects, and the role of public behaviour change in making that system work.